The common noun "estate" refers to a four-wheeled vehicle intended for the transport of people and, incidentally, goods, and whose access is via the rear.
All types of automobile bodies have retained the original name of the corresponding horse-drawn vehicle. Some take their name from their characteristics (coupé refers to a type of car whose body has been shortened and the number of seats reduced, cabriolet a car with a folding hood), or from their use (the estate, from the verb to break, to break, to train, was used for training horses and then for transporting objects and people). However, others take their name from the places where innovative or famous carriages were manufactured, such as the Berlin sedan, the Limousin limousine (if the automobile limousine is a luxury vehicle, the horse-drawn limousine was a utility vehicle for deliveries or any large vehicle with 3 side windows), sedan for the city of the same name; the landau and landaulet, from Landau, are types of automobile bodywork that have disappeared.
So the transition from horse-drawn carriage to automobile is done in cohesion.
The invention of the automobile was patented on February 12, 1884 under number 160 267 for Messrs. Delamarre, Debouteville and Léon Paul Charles Malandier.
Patent for the Automobile of February 12, 1884 under number 160 267
The omnibus and the automobile station wagon appeared in this configuration from 1890. An exception was made, with the appearance in 1873 of "L'Obéissante" by Amédée Bollée, and bearing the designation of "station wagon upholsterer". It was a steam vehicle, half omnibus, half station wagon, equipped with a petroleum gas engine to make it an automobile.
In 1892, a first steam station wagon aroused the interest that the automobile industry seemed to have for this type of vehicle. Then in 1894, the Panhard et Levassor brand produced this time an estate equipped with a 3 petroleum engine.
Some manufacturers gave their estate the name "toneau", a French term par excellence. This is a type of body with side benches and rear access that has remained the driving force of the estate since its origins. This was the case for Renault as early as 1900. At that time, some car manufacturers, including Renault in particular, seemed to be concerned about protecting the passengers of the estate car from the elements. Without being confused with the omnibus, the estate car then adopted a roof that would be called a canopy.
The first estate car in Algeria dates back to 1900, one of the first examples produced when we know that the Renault Frères Company was founded in 1899, exhibited here in the former palace of Hussein Dey Pacha in Algiers in which a military colonial museum was set up in 1930 (Franchet d'Espérey museum) as part of the centenary of the French presence in Algeria.
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